Journeying to the centre of the Earth

Though low profile, geology and mining hold the key to accessing valuable natural resources and essential raw materials for a host of industries.

TAPPING NATURE'S resources, and harnessing its wealth is what geologists do. A geophysicist on the other hand, studies the physical conditions of the Earth, like its surface, atmosphere, its magnetic and gravitational force, using principles of Mathematics, Chemistry and Physics. They work in metal mining and oil industries or apply their skill and knowledge to engineering processes.

Exploration

Exploration forms an integral part of geology and geophysics. It includes prospecting, sample collection, observation, analysis, data representation and tabulation. Exploration can be conducted in deserts, mountains, forests and on the high seas.

Mining and metallurgy

Mining involves exploration and extraction of valuable mineral resources from underground in order to supply raw material to industries. Geologists work alongside mining engineers for prospecting and extraction of specific minerals.

Mineral resources are found in abundance in India so mining and metallurgy form a important trade. Since metals are used for varied purposes ranging from domestic equipment to locomotive manufacturing, metallurgy is of significant importance to manufacturing industries. Mining technologists undertake the design and construction of mining tunnels, shafts and transportation from the site to the factory and are assisted by mechanical, civil and electrical engineers.

Metallurgists could be qualified in chemical, physical and mechanical specialisations. The chemical metallurgist does the refining and extracting of the metal. The physical metallurgist studies the properties of the metal and the process that it needs to undergo before the final product stage is reached. The mechanical metallurgist takes care of the equipment needed for processes like casting, forging etc.

For a career in mining, an engineering diploma or degree is necessary. M.Tech courses are available in mineral engineering, mining exploration, mineral machinery and mine planning. In addition to this a certificate of competency from the mine manager or surveyor is also necessary.

Mineralogists analyse rocks and minerals to extract gems and precious stones. They work with industries; conduct surveys and studies in geology. They also analyse minerals and study their formation and composition.

Petroleum geology

Petroleum geologists explore and detect the presence of crude oil and natural gas underground and under water. They conduct tests to confirm the presence of oil and help engineers set up oilrigs.

Engineering geology

Engineering geologists propose materials best suited for the construction of large scale projects like dams, bridges, tunnels, roadways and railway lines. They survey the area and ensure that it is safe from landslides and risks of earthquake and other natural hazards.

Geological research

Teaching the subject, and contributing through research to the field, publishing books and articles based on the research, supervising students pursuing doctorate courses in geology is what geological research involves. A postgraduate in geology who has cleared the NET (National Eligibility Test) conducted by the UGC is eligible for the post of a lecturer.

The other fields of specialisation include paleontology, structural geology, geomorphology, historic geology and others.

Training

The minimum qualification for a career in geology is a graduate degree in the same. Undergraduate (B.Sc.) as well as postgraduate courses in geology are offered in most universities. Those with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics in their +2 level are eligible for a bachelor's degree in geology. There is a 5 year integrated course in Exploration Geophysics for those who have cleared the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE). There is also an M.Tech course in geology and geophysics available for engineers who have cleared the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE).

Women, however have limited openings in this field. Although law prohibits women from working underground; they can be trained as metallurgists or work in production or marketing departments.

Soft skills

Aspirants should be adventurous, with a keen interest in nature and exploration. Ability to travel long distances for long durations is a necessity. One should have high energy levels and stamina to face rough conditions. A great deal of patience is necessary to carry on work despite all odds. One should also have good powers of observation, and high analytical and logical abilities. The person should be adaptable and a team player who is self-motivated and has good communication skills.

ARCHANA JAYAKAR

archana.hyd@careercommunity.co.in